The word ‘Distributive’ came from ‘distribute,’ meaning to divide something into parts or give a share of something among 2 or more people.
What is the Distributive Property
The distributive property states that when the sum of two or more addends is multiplied by a number, it gives the same result as multiplying each addend individually by the same number and then adding the products together.
The distributive property refers to the distributive property of multiplication and applies to both addition and subtraction. An expression in the form A × (B + C) is solved as (A × B) + (A × C) using the distributive property. Here, A, B, and C are integers, and operand A is distributed among the other two operands, B and C.
Distributive Property Law
Let us now verify the above formula using the order of operation method to solve the above expression.
4 × (2 + 3)
= 4 × 5 = 20
This proves that the distributive property makes calculations even more straightforward than the order of operation method.
Let us solve one such example using the distributive property.
Solve the expression 5(40 + 3) by using the distributive property.
Solution:
As we know, A × (B + C), here A = 5, B= 40, C = 3 5 × (40 + 3) = (5 × 40) + (5 × 3) = 215
Rewrite the expression 48 + 60 using the distributive property.
Solution:
Given, 48 + 60 = (4 x 12) + (5 x 12) = 9 x 12 = 108
The distributive property also applies to expressions with fractions and variables. Let us solve a few examples involving them.
Solving expressions with FRACTIONS using distributive property
Solve the expression ${\dfrac{1}{4}\left( 2+3\right)}$ in fraction using the distributive property.
Solution:
As we know, A × (B + C), here A = ${\dfrac{1}{4}}$, B= 2, C = 3 = ${\dfrac{1}{4}\left( 2+3\right)}$ = ${\dfrac{1}{2}x+\dfrac{3}{4}}$
Solving expressions with VARIABLES using distributive property
Simplify the expression 4(x + 3) in fraction using the distributive property.
Solution:
As we know, A × (B + C), here A = 4, B= x, C = 3 = 4(x + 3) = 4x + 12
Solving EQUATIONS using distributive property
Solve the equation 9(x – 5) = 81 using the distributive property.
Solution:
As we know, A × (B + C), here A = 9, B= x, C = 5 => 9(x – 5) = 81 => 9(x) – 9(5) = 81 => 9x – 45 = 81 => 9x – 45 + 45 = 81 + 45 => 9x = 125 => x = 125/9 => x = 14
Solving expressions with EXPONENTS using distributive property
Solve the algebraic expression 3x2(6x3 + 2x2) using the distributive property.
Solution:
As we know, A × (B + C), here A = 3x2, B = 6x3, C = 2x2 3x2(6x3 – 2x2) = 3x2(6x3) + 3x2(2x2) = 18x5 + 6x4
Finding EQUIVALENT EXPRESSION using the distributive property.
Write an equivalent expression to the algebraic expression: 6(6x + 3y)
Solution:
Given, 6(6x + 3y) = 36x + 18y Thus, the equivalent expression to 6(6x + 3y) is 36x + 18y
Distributive Property of Multiplication over Addition
The distributive property of multiplication over addition applies when we need to multiply a number by two or more numbers. Thus, A × (B + C) is solved as (A × B) + (A × C) = AB + AC
For example, when 9(20 + 5) is solved using the distributive property of multiplication over addition:
Distributive Property of Multiplication Over Addition
Step 1: We first multiply the 2 addend by 9, which give us
9(20 + 5) = (9 × 20) + (9 × 5) = 180 + 45
Step 2: Adding the products together will give us the answer 225
Let us solve another example using the distributive property of multiplication over addition.
Solve the expression 6(3 + 7) using the distributive property of multiplication over addition.
Solution:
As we know, A × (B + C), here A = 6, B= 3, C = 7 = 6 × (3 + 7) = (6 × 3) + (6 × 7) = 18 + 42 = 60
Distributive Property of Multiplication over Subtraction
The distributive property of multiplication over subtraction is similar to multiplication over addition, except the operation addition is replaced with subtraction. Thus, A × (B – C) is solved as (A × B) – (A × C) = AB – AC
For example, when 9(20 – 5) is solved using the distributive property of multiplication over subtraction:
Distributive Property of Multiplication Over Subtraction
Step 1: We first multiply the 2 addend by 9, which give us
9(20 – 5) = (9 × 20) – (9 × 5) = 180 – 45
Step 2: Subtracting the products together will give us the answer 135
Let us solve another example using the distributive property of multiplication over subtraction.
Solve the expression 4(8 – 1) using the distributive property of multiplication over subtraction.
Solution:
As we know, A × (B – C), here A = 4, B= 8, C = 1 = 4 × (8 – 1) = (4 × 8) – (4 × 1) = 32 – 4 = 28
Distributive Property of Division
Even though division is the inverse of multiplication, the distributive law holds true in the case of division but in a different way.
We can show the division of larger numbers using the distributive property by breaking the dividend into two or more smaller factors to make the division problems easier to solve. Then, following the distributive property of multiplication over addition will give us the result.
For example
90 ÷ 6
= (30 ÷ 6) + (60 ÷ 6)
= 5 + 10
= 15
Let us solve another example using the distributive property of division.
Divide 54 ÷ 3 using the distributive property of division.
Solution:
As we know, 54 ÷ 3 = (30 ÷ 3) + (24 ÷ 3) = 10 + 8 = 18
